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The Web


Web Definition


A broad definition comes from the organization that Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee helped found, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C):
"The World Wide Web is the universe of network-accessible information, an embodiment of human knowledge."

The World Wide Web (www), WEB, or W3, is an information architecture that was started by the CERN (European Laboratory for Particles Physics). It defines the components of a global information system and the way they work together, and all the specifications are public domain. The web appears as a seemingly infinite system of servers all tied together by hypertext links, and which has now reached critical mass with new commercial and noncommercial sites appearing every day. The major reasons for the success of the Internet are also simple: real-time access to all kinds of information, and real-time communications. This makes the Internet an ideal medium for managing enterprise data, especially for organizations that maintain sites in multiple locations, and even multiple countries. Web-based applications let users harness the power of the Internet to deploy and support enterprise solutions with lower costs, high returns on investment, and better scalability and performance.

History


  1. The RAND proposal (the brainchild of Paul Baran) was made public in 1964. The principles were simple:
        •The network would be assumed to be unreliable.
        •All the nodes would be equal in status to all other nodes.
        •The messages would be divided into packets.
  2. The particular route that the packet took would be unimportant. Only final results would count.
  3. The National Physical Laboratory in Great Britain set up the first test network on these principles in 1968.
  4. Shortly afterward, the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency decided to fund a larger, more ambitious project in the USA. In fall 1969, the first such node was installed in UCLA.
  5. By December 1969, there were four nodes on the infant network, which was named ARPANET, after its Pentagon sponsor.
  6. In 1971 there were fifteen nodes in ARPANET; by 1972, thirty-seven nodes. And it was good.
  7. By the second year of operation, ARPANET's users had warped the computer-sharing network into a dedicated, high-speed, federally subsidized electronic post- office.
  8. Throughout the '70s, ARPA's network grew.
  9. The ARPA's original "Network Control Protocol," was superceded by TCP/IP.
  10. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) converts messages into streams of packets then reassembles them at the destination.
  11. Internet Protocol (IP) handles the addressing, routing across multiple nodes, networks, and standards - like Ethernet, FDDI, and X.25.
  12. 1977 - TCP/IP links other networks to link to ARPANET.
  13. 1983 - the military segment breaks off and becomes MILNET.
  14. Since TCP/IP was public-domain, it was difficult to stop people from linking up, which brought about the birth of the "Internet."
  15. Like the phone network, the computer network became steadily more valuable as it embraced larger and larger territories of people and resources.
  16. 1984 - the National Science Foundation sets a blistering pace for technical advancement, linking newer, faster, shinier supercomputers, through thicker, faster links, upgraded and expanded, again and again, in 1986, 1988, 1990.
  17. Government agencies leap in: NASA, the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy each maintaining a digital realm in the Internet confederation.
  18. Nodes divided up into basic group "domains": governmental, military, educational, commercial, organization and networks. The net computers served as gateways between networks.
  19. ARPANET itself formally expires in 1989, a happy victim of its own overwhelming success.


Why Do People Want To Be On The Internet?


One of the main reasons is simple freedom. The Internet is a rare example of a true, modern, functional anarchy. There is no "Internet Inc." There are no official censors, no bosses, no board of directors, no stockholders. The Internet is also a bargain. It doesn't charge for long-distance service or access time. In fact, the "Internet" itself, which doesn't even officially exist as an entity, never "charges" for anything. Each group accessing the Internet is responsible for its own machine and section of line. The Internet's "anarchy" may seem strange, but it makes a certain deep and basic sense. It's rather like the English language. Nobody owns English. As an English-speaking person, it's up to you to learn how to speak English properly and make whatever use you please of it.

The Internet Belongs To Everyone, and No One.


  • Business wants the Internet put on a financial footing
  • Government wants the Internet more fully regulated
  • Academics want it dedicated to scholarly research
  • The Military wants it spy-proof and secure
  • All these sources of conflict remain in a stumbling balance
  • Once, the NSFnet's high-speed, high-capacity lines were known as the "Internet Backbone," but today there are "backbones" in virtually every country, and privately owned commercial Internet backbones.
Today, even desktop computers can become Internet nodes. You can carry one under your arm. Soon, perhaps, on your wrist.

What Does One Do With The Internet?


Four things, basically:
  1. Mail
    Internet mail is "e-mail," electronic mail, faster by several orders of magnitude than land mail, which is scornfully known as "snail mail."
  2. Discussion Groups
    The discussion groups, or "newsgroups," are a world of their own. This world of news, debate, and argument is generally known as "USENET. " It is like an enormous crowd of gossipy, news-hungry people. At the moment there are some 2,500 separate newsgroups and their discussions generate about 7 million words of typed commentary every single day.
  3. Long-Distance Computing
    Long-distance computing and file transfer require what is known as "direct Internet access" - using TCP/IP. Long-distance computing programmers can maintain accounts on distant, powerful computers, run programs there, or write their own. Scientists can use powerful supercomputers a continent away. libraries offer their electronic card catalogs for free search. Enormous CD-ROM catalogs are increasingly available through this service. And there are fantastic amounts of free software available.
  4. File Transfers
    File transfers allow Internet users to access remote machines and retrieve programs or text. Many Internet computers allow any person to access them anonymously, and to simply copy their public files, free of charge. This is no small deal, since entire books can be transferred through direct Internet access in a matter of minutes. Internet programs, such as "archie," "gopher," and "WAIS," have been developed to catalog and explore these enormous archives of material.

Java: Why Is It Important?


With Java technology, the Internet and private networks become your computing environment. Coupled with the power of networking, the Java platform is doing things that were previously unimaginable. For example, users can securely access their applications when they're away from the office by using any computer that's connected to the Internet.

Security


Expanding Internet technologies have redefined corporate approaches to Internet working and security. As the Internet becomes the forum for corporate communications and international commerce, enterprises require an innovative, comprehensive security solution. GreenSuite must meet the growing connectivity needs while maintaining the network security solution. We have to enable the enterprise to define and enforce a single, comprehensive security policy while providing full, transparent connectivity. Products and or services that provide a platform for secure enterprise connectivity must be sort and deployed. How will we do this:
  1. Use third party products
  2. Analyze the customers existing security model
  3. Deliver the required level of security to satisfy the need
  4. Adapt and change to address the challenges resulting from an evolving environment
  5. Continued vigilance and monitoring
  6. Networks require software that is portable, modular, and secure - Java shines, because it was designed for use on networks from the beginning
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